Arthrosis is a chronic disease in which degenerative-dystrophic changes in the joints occur.Osteoarthritis can interfere with the function of the joint, and in the later stages a complete destruction of the joints and the loss of motor functions can occur.
Arthrosis in women
The disposition for osteoarthritis is genetically transmitted.Congenital features or defects of the structure of connective tissue and joints (dysplasia) can influence the development of the disease, especially in combination with acquired factors.There can be injuries, obesity and other diseases among the latter.
At the age of 45, osteoarthritis is diagnosed in 2-3% of women, but this percentage increases by more than 10 times aged 45 to 60.After 65 years, arthrosis symptoms occur in 70% of women.Men suffer from this disease a little less often.
Arthrosis in pregnant women
Osteoarthritis in pregnant women can make the storage of a child considerably more difficult.And not only because the load of the joints increases significantly due to the inevitable increase in body weight.During pregnancy, it is necessary to rule out the use of certain medication for the treatment of osteoarthritis or reduce significantly.
Therefore, pregnancy is carried out in a woman with osteoarthritis of the joints in the narrow interaction of a gynecologist, an orthopedic and rheumatologist.Doctors together solve problems in connection with the treatment plan of osteoarthritis, taking medication and prescription a special regime.Perhaps a pregnant woman has to wear special orthopedic devices that make the course of osteoarthritis easier and do not disturb the fetal bearing.
Arthrosis in women in menopause
Women whose organism is included in the time of menopause is at risk from the osteoarthritis of the joints due to changes in the hormonal background.The health of bones, joints and ligaments depends on the estrogen level.A decrease in the level of female hormones, which is associated with the beginning of the menopause, can not only lead to osteoporosis, but also at the beginning of degenerative changes in the joints and to develop osteoarthritis.
Arthrosis in men
In adulthood, arthrosis of joints often develops in men who abuse some types of physical exercises.This happens particularly often after a long break in sports.In order to return the previous physical form, a man can try to get involved in the previous intensity.However, excessive load leads to osteoarthritis faster than the embossed muscles.
Arthrosis in children
The arthrosis of the joints is rare at a young age, but such a diagnosis is also found in children.
Osteoarthritis in young children
The likelihood of osteoarthritis at a young age increases when the child has innate structural structure of the bone system.This can be a dysplasia of the hip joint or the defect in the structure of the joints of the spine, the elbow or the knee joint.A change in the geometry of the joint joint leads to the occurrence of an overload, which has a disadvantageous effect on the components of the joint.At the same time, the muscles are not yet developed enough to compensate for the defects of the structure.
Arthrosis in young people
In adolescence, osteoarthritis can be associated with injuries that have been preserved during sports or outdoor games.Another reason is not enough balanced diet, hormonal restructuring of puberty, a quick growth of bones with the delay of increasing the mass and muscles.
Arthrosis of the joints of the lower extremities
Most of the time, large joints of the lower extremities suffer from arthrosis.But also damage smaller joints: for example, osteoarthritis of the fingers on the foot.
Arthrosis of the knee joint (gonarthrosis)
The arthrosis of the knee is often found in men who have played sport with heavy loads.A clever amount of squats with or without weighting can carry the cartilage layer quickly and cause osteoarthritis of the knee joint.
The first alarming signs of osteoarthritis of the knee joint are characteristic crunching and clicking in the joint when they move.The pain later comes, which means that the patient does not notice the persistent degenerative changes for a long time.
In timely treatment, the osteoarthritis of the knee joint can be defeated or at least the development of the disease can be defeated.
Osteoarthritis of the ankle joint (cruzart rose)
The ankle joint is very mobile and performs important functions when walking, running and jumping.The osteoarthritis of the ankle joint can lead to disabilities in a few years if the treatment is not started in time.
However, the early diagnosis of arthrosis of the ankle joint remains problematic, since there are no nervous ends in the cartilage itself and the pain cannot be felt for a long time.Pathological changes almost do not develop in any way to feel yourself.In the early stages of osteoarthritis of the ankle joint, it is usually accidentally found.
Osteoarthritis of the hip joint (coxarthrosis)
Coksart rose or osteoarthritis of the hip joint is one of the most common and most serious lesions of the joints of the lower extremities.As a rule, the pain is missing for a long time.The pain already appears when the joint is significantly destroyed.This is very dangerous because it is the hip joint that bears the main load connected to body mass.
Arthrosis of the footfooting
Although osteoarthritis often affects large joints, smaller joints can also suffer.The reason for the development of osteoarthritis of foot fuks can be injuries, innate disorders in the structure of the limbs, flat feet, unpleasant shoes and work in which a person spends a lot of time with their feet.The development of osteoarthritis of the foot can often cause vascular diseases, which disrupts blood supply to the limb as well as endocrine and metabolic diseases.
An outstanding bone at the base of the thumb very often appears because of the arthrosis of the finger joints.After deforming the first joint, the spread of the process can follow to other fingers.
Arthrosis of the joints of the upper extremities
Although the upper limbs make up a lower load than in the lower one, the arthrosis of the hands connections are many problems for the patient.
Arthrosis of the joints of the brush
Statistics say: This type of osteoarthritis is much more common in women than in men.And it usually manifests itself after the menopause begins, although the first symptoms of osteoarthritis can occur earlier.
It is exactly the osteoarthritis of the finger connections of the fingers, which distorts the hands and makes the joints with hills, swollen and fingers - curves.
The common deformation is very poorly influenced by fine motor skills.It will be difficult not only to hold small objects in your hands, to put a thread in a needle, knit and write.In times of deterioration, painful fingers cannot hold the spoon, and the tea cup has to be raised with two hands, and then it can slip.
Arthrosis of the elbow joint
This type of joint arthrosis is relatively rare.As a rule, the cause of the development of the disease in the injuries, inflammatory diseases, hard work and excessive enthusiasm for some sports.
Although the elbow joint usually has no significant loads, changes caused by arthrosis can thoroughly impair normal lifespan.Violations of mobility can even deprive a person to carry out the usual action in life from the services of their own needs.
Arthrosis of the shoulder joint
The arthrosis of the shoulder joint is not too common.If the pain occurs relatively rarely in the early stage of the development of the arthrosis of the shoulder joint, the situation deteriorates when the joint destroys the situation.
The hand becomes painful to rise and rotate, the pain of course is when it is raised and the weather changes.Walking pain does not let sleep: the patient cannot find the position of the body in which the shoulder would not harm the shoulder.
Arthrosis of the temporomandibular joint
If the osteoarthritis of the hand bands can disturb the patient to transmit a spoon with food into the mouth, the osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint (TMS) prevents the mouth.However, this is in the last stage of the disease in which the temporomandibular joint has experienced a significant destruction and bone growth deprives mobility.
The cause of the disease is a violation of the bite, innate or acquired due to destruction or loss of teeth.The development of osteoarthritis can lead to injuries and inflammatory processes in the joint.
Osteoarthritis of the spine (spondylarthrosis)
The arthrosis of the neck joints arises due to a violation of the structure of bones and cartilage;Due to a long stay in the wrong position of the body during operation.The reason can be injuries, inflammation, hard work, violation of blood supply to the spine and many other factors.
The osteoarthritis of the spine is dangerous because the deformation of joints can lead to compression of nerve fibers and blood vessels, which in turn can cause various pathological symptoms.These are frequent headaches, migraines (ie the syndrome of vertebral artery or the so -called "cervical migraine"), high blood pressure, weakness and rapid tiredness, etc. The compression of blood vessels and nerve fibers can occur with spondylarthritis of the 2nd degree.
Symptoms of arthrosis
Symptoms of the arthrosis of the joints of the legs
Pain is usually missing in the early stages of the disease.But you can see that the connection click, crack and sometimes very loud.
If no osteoarthritis is treated, exercise without a stick or crutches can become problematic.In the hardest cases, the patient loses the ability to move independently.Gonarthrosis, arthrosis of the hip and ankle joints are particularly difficult.
Symptoms of the arthrosis of the joints
The arthrosis of the hand associations manifests itself in the deformation of the fingers: they can bend, the joints swell, thickening and hill appear on them.Painful joints become hot and painful during tightening.The osteoarthritis of the fingers prevents the exact movements, the fingers obey badly.
Symptoms of the arthrosis of the shoulder joint are expressed, among other things, when the mobility is limited.If a healthy shoulder joint has the ability to make a variety of movements with a large amplitude, it can not only increase one hand with arthrosis of the shoulder joint.
Symptoms of osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint
Symptoms of osteoarthritis of the jaw charta do not differ too much to others.This crackles during the movement and limits the mobility of the joint.In the absence of treatment, the patient can generally lose the ability to open his mouth and even speak clearly.While the disease develops, the pain occurs from the load and in raw, cold weather.
Symptoms of spondylarthrosis
In the early stages, spondylarthrosis only manifests itself through some symptoms in the back.Unpleasant sensations make the patient more than usual and change the position of the body.While the disease develops, pain occurs.At first it is not strong, but very persistent and intrusive, and then it can become constant and exhausting.
Forms of osteoarthritis
Primary and secondary arthrosis
Primarily or idiopathic is referred to as osteoarthritis, the causes of the development of which cannot be recognized.This applies to hereditary forms of osteoarthritis, including.
Secondary arthrosis develops as a result of various pathological processes in the body that can cause changes in the joints.There may be injuries, false lifestyle, hard work or illness.In particular, arthrosis after joint inflammation and due to diseases of the vascular system, endocrine disorders and autoimmune diseases can develop.Osteoarthritis can lead to diabetes mellitus, gout, deletion end arteritis, etc.
Localized and generalized osteoarthritis
The localized osteoarthritis is characterized by the spread of the process by 1-2 joints.Localized osteoarthritis includes osteoarthritis of the hip joint, gonarthrosis, cruarthosis, arthrosis of the temporomandibular joint, etc.
The causes of osteoarthritis
The causes of primary arthrosis
Primary arthrosis can develop for dark reasons that cannot always recognize.The famous risk factors include congenital and genetically translated characteristics of the body.
Build anomalies
The structure of the skeleton, the bones and the ligaments plays a major role in the development of osteoarthritis.This can be due to violations of the structure of bones, cartilage and connective tissue as well as the improper formation of bones and joints.
Hereditary disposition
Genetic disorders can lead to disorders in the processes of the synthesis of substances that are cartilage, connective tissue or joint fluid.
The causes of secondary osteoarthritis
Injuries
As a result of fractures, cracks and false fusion, the natural form of connection can change, whereby blood supply can be disturbed.For this reason, the reason for the development of osteoarthritis of large and small joints in 20-30% of cases is the injuries.
Excessive load
With too much physical activity of the surface of joint joints during the move, microtrauma is preserved, which leads to a change in the quality of the cartilage and its destruction over time.
obesity
Excess weight increases the load on the joints of the spine and the lower extremities significantly.It is this factor that accelerates and weights the course of coxarthrosis, osteoarthritis of the ankle and knee joints of the legs.
Joints of the joints
Inflammatory processes in the joints are referred to as arthritis and often precede the development of osteoarthritis.Inflammation of the joints occurs in rheumatism and rheumatoid arthritis with gout and psoriasis.
Endocrine diseases
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most important factors in developing osteoarthritis.But other endocrine illnesses and conditions can have a negative impact.In particular, hormonal changes associated with menopause significantly increase the risk of arthrosis in mature women.
Violations of metabolic processes
Diseases of the metabolism also contribute to the disease of the osteoarthritis of the joints.This is gout, osteoporosis and others.False -occurring metabolic processes play a negative role in the absorption of calcium, the synthesis of proteins and other elements that are necessary to preserve the normal structure of bones, cartilage, ligaments, etc.
Blood supply disorders
Atherosclerosis, varicose veins and other blood vessels lead to a violation of blood supply and the nutrients of bones and joints.Due to the lack of nutrition, its strength is reduced and arthrosis risk occurs.
Hypodynamy
The lack of movement is harmful to the entire organism and also for the musculoskeletal system.The lack of physical activity has a negative impact on blood supply to individual organs and systems and often also leads to obesity and congestive phenomena.
Diagnosis of osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis can be similar to other diseases that require a different treatment method.The correct diagnosis is very important for the timely start of the treatment of osteoarthritis and the selection of the optimal methodology.
Arthrosis is suspected during the first examination due to a series of symptoms of the patient.However, this is not enough to make a precise diagnosis.
One of the most visual methods remains an X beam examination: the changes occurring in the joint are clearly visible in the X -ray image.With the changes visible in the picture, you can determine the degree of development of the disease.
In addition to radiography, thermographic examinations, ultrasound, calculated and magnetic resonance imaging are used.
Other studies are carried out for differential diagnostics.In particular, rheumatoid samples, a detailed blood test, determination of the uric acid level, etc.
Treatment of osteoarthritis
How do you treat osteoarthritis?
The main thing that the patient with osteoarthritis is remembered: the treatment must be carried out under the supervision of specialists.In the case of home methods, osteoarthritis cannot be cured.In addition, if the disease has already developed up to 2-3 levels, it will not do it to completely restore the affected joint.
Treatment of arthrosis: medicine
The treatment of the arthrosis of the joints must be comprehensive.The basis for drug treatment is chondroprotectors - medication that helps to maintain their elasticity and strength that improve the structure of the cartilage tissue.
Chondroprotectors are available in different forms:
- in capsules and tablets;
- In solutions for intramuscular and intra -articular injection.
Chondroprotectors are particularly effective with an early degree of osteoarthritis, but their use is also advisable in the treatment of advanced stages of the disease.
To relieve pain, various anesthetics and analgesics in the form of creams, gels for local use or in the form of injections are prescribed.
In order to alleviate inflammation in the affected joint, non -steroid antoiding medication that is based on sodium diclofenac, orthophs and Metindol are.
Muscle cramps withdraw under the influence of miorelaxant medication.
In addition, medicines are prescribed that contribute to improving blood microcirculation.The use of vitamins is possible as auxiliary substances.
Treatment of osteoarthritis with surgical methods
In the late stages of osteoarthritis, surgical operations can be carried out on the joint if the joint is already significantly destroyed and not created for medical treatment.
Types of surgical treatment of osteoarthritis:
- Artroplasty, in which mobility can be attributed to the affected joint;
- Arthrodesis, which aimed to ensure the immobility of the joint;
- Gelencresection, ie complete or partially removed by affected joint elements;
- Prosthetics in which damaged and destroyed parts are replaced by artificial elements.
Massage, physiotherapy in the treatment of osteoarthritis
Physiotherapeutic treatment plays a very important role in the fight against symptoms of arthrosis.The patient is prescribed massage, laser and magnet therapy, acupuncture and other types of treatment.
Treatment courses must be repeated regularly.
Sanatorium resort treatment of osteoarthritis
Many sanatoriums specialize in the treatment of osteoarthritis, especially those that are near the deposits of the therapeutic sludge and specialize in mud.
Patients with osteoarthritis are displayed by therapeutic baths and warming, but this must be carried out under strict medical control.Mudlit has restrictions and contraindications.
Degree of arthrosis
Arthrosis of the 1st degree
The early degrees of arthrosis show insignificant symptoms that are not easy to notice:
- a certain stiffness of movements, especially after the relative immobility;
- Pain at the beginning of the movement disappears after a few minutes;
- Light creak, crunch, click in the joint when you create movements.
- Pain and during physical exertion.
On the X -ray intake, minor changes in the structure of the joint can be visible, including the occurrence of small bone growth on the edges of the joint joint and a slightly expressed narrowing of the joint column.
Arthrosis of the 2nd degree
With 2 degrees arthrosis, all symptoms appear more:
- More noticeable restriction of common mobility;
- With every movement, a crack and a crunch can be heard in a painful joint;
- Pain against the osteoarthritis of the 2nd degree becomes more common and sharper;
- "Start" pain no longer disappears after the movement begins.
- The deformation of the joint and the growth of osteophytes are clearly visible on the X rays;
- Osteoarthritis of the 2nd degree leads to a significant narrowing of the common gap, and it can even be noticeable to shorten the painful link.
With 2 degrees of the development of osteoarthritis, the performance is reduced and some types of activities are impossible.
Arthrosis of 3 degrees
3 degrees of arthrosis is characterized by serious damage to the joint:
- The growth of the bone tissue and the accumulation of liquid in the joint bag leads to an increase in the joint;
- The movements are significantly limited, sometimes the patient can only influence the affected limb.
- The sensitivity to changes in the weather increases;
- Severe pain leaves the patient practically neither in motion nor in peace;
- The muscles around the aching joint are constantly convulsive because they gradually atrophy with power diseases.
- The common gap is practically not visible on the X -ray intake, the deformation of the surfaces of the joint elements is very strongly expressed.The joint is surrounded by the growth of the bone tissue, the destruction of intra -articular structures and sclerotic changes in the surrounding tissue.
Arthrosis of the 4th degree
Despite the generally recognized classification of the development of osteoarthritis, consisting of 3 degrees, sometimes the hardest, a distinction is made between 4 degrees.The deforming osteoarthritis of the joint in this stage of the disease requires the heaviest form: the joint is completely destroyed and loses its functions.At the same time, the patient experiences such severe pain that even smaller movements become impossible.The pain does not stop even with strong drugs.
The fusion of the affected bones of the joints, joints, sclerotic changes can be seen on the X rays.
At this stage, the deformation of osteoarthritis can only be stopped by surgical operation in order to die the destroyed joint.
Prevention of osteoarthritis
The health of the joints must be taken away from the youth.The prevention of osteoarthritis is aware of your health and is looking for a doctor in good time when the first symptoms of arthrosis occur, even slightly expressed.
The prevention measures include maintaining body weight at an optimal level.
Do not take over excessively in traumatic sports, train with excessive diligence and irrational loads.It is also dangerous to take great breaks in sports, according to which the previous load for the joints can be destructive and causes osteoarthritis.
It is advisable to deliver proper, rational nutrition, without alcohol, fat, spicy and dosing food.It is absolutely necessary to stop smoking to maintain blood vessels.
It is always relevant for women to avoid tight shoes with high rings.During the menopause, it is necessary to competently approach the question of hormone replacement therapy in order not to expose the body to a hormonal stress that can provoke the development of osteoarthritis.
Since injuries become a common cause of the development of osteoarthritis, it should be avoided as much as possible by bones, joints and other injuries.
Exercises for arthrosis
Therapeutic gymnastics for arthrosis is very important and sufficient physical activity to prevent the disease.
Special exercises for arthrosis are selected by the doctor, but there are some general recommendations.
- Exercise for arthrosis should not cause pain.
- The load intensity should not be great, overload is harmful.
- Movements are carried out slowly or medium speed with moderate amplitude.
- Swimming is very useful and aqua aerob in a warm pool.
- Exercise for arthrosis must be carried out daily for a long time without breaks.Preferably always.